150 branches of Biology
MAIN BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
Some of the main branches of biology are briefly discussed below:
1. Taxonomy: It is the science of identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms.
2. Morphology: It is the study of external form, size, shape, colour, structure and relative position of various living organ of living beings.
3. Anatomy: It is the study of internal structure which can be observed with unaided eye after dissection.
4. Histology: It is the study of tissue organization and structure as observed through light microscope.
5. Cytology: It is the study of form and structure of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other organelles
6. Cell Biology: It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemical, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
7. Molecular Biology: It is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization, synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that bring about and control various activities of the protoplasm.
8. Physiology: It is the study of different types of body functions and processes.
9. Embryology: It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and differentiation of the zygote into embryo or early development of living beings before the attainment of structure and size of the offspring.
10. Ecology: It is the study of living organisms is relation to other organism and their environment.
11. Genetics: It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and variations. Heredity is the study of expression and transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
12. Eugenics: It is the science which deals with factors related to improvement or impairment of race, especially that of human beings.
13. Evolution: It studies the origin of life as well as new types of organism from the previous ones by modifications involving genetic changes and adaptations.
14. Palaeontology: It deals with the study of fossils or remains and impressions of past organisms present in the rocks of different ages.
15. Exobiology: It is the branch of scientific inquiry dealing with the possibility of life in the outer space.
16. Virology: It is the study of viruses in all their aspects
FIELDS OF BIOLOGY
1
Science
Organized form of Knowledge or systematic knowledge i.e. knowledge through process.
2
Biology
The branch of science which deals with the study of living beings.
3
Zoology
The branch of science which deals with the study of animals.
4
Morphology
The branch of science which deals with the study of total general structures and forms including shape, size and appearance.
5
Anatomy
The branch of science which deals with the study of internal structures after cutting or dissection.
6
Histology
The branch of science which deals with the study of tissue i.e. microscopic anatomy.
7
Cytology
The branch of science which deals with the study of cells and their organelles.
8
Acariology
Study of tics and mites.
9
Actinobiology
The branch of science which deals with the study of radiation effects on organism.
10
Aerobiology
Study of Flying organisms.
11
Agroforestry
This branch deals with form of land used on which herbaceous crops and trees crops are cultivated
12
Agronomy
Science which deals with the crop plants
13
Agrostology
Study of grasses.
14
Angiology
Science which deals with the study of blood vascular system.
15
Anthology
Study of flowers.
16
Anthropology
Study of apes and man.
17
Apiculture
Study of bee keeping
18
Araneology
Study of spiders.
19
Arthrology
Study of joints.
20
Aschelitinthology
Study of round worms
21
Bacteriology
Study of bacteria.
22
Batrachology
Study of frog.
23
Biochemistry
Branch of science which deals with the study of chemical reactions in relations to life activities.
24
Biometrics
Statistical analysis of different results of biological experiments.
25
Biotechnology
Use of biological organisms in commercial processes for producing fine chemicals such as drugs, vaccines and harmones etc. on a large scale and at reasonable cost.
26
Bryology
Study of Bryophytes.
27
Carcinology
Study of crabs and crustaceans
28
Cardiology
Study of heart.
29
Chondriology
Study of Cartilage.
30
Chromatology
Study of Pigments.
31
Cnidology
Study of Coelenterata
32
Conchology
Study of shells.
33
Craniology
Study of skulls
34
Cryobiology
Study of effects on life at very lower temperature.
35
Dendrology
Study of shrubs and trees
36
Dermatology
Study of skin
37
Ecobiology
Study of problems of existence of life in outer space
38
Ecology
Study of relationship between organism and environment
39
Embryology
Study of embryo i.e. developmental stages after fertilization or birth of young ones.
40
Endocrinology
Study of endocrine glands and their secretions
41
Entomology
Study of insects
42
Enzymology
Study of enzymes
43
Ethnology
Study of man-kinds
44
Ethology
Study of conditions of animals or behavior of animals, in a natural contest
45
Etiology
Study of diseases
46
Eugenics
Study of improvement of human race by applying laws of heredity. It applied before birth. Eugenics is related with future generation.
47
Euphenics
Study of improvement of human race by drug treatment or gene engineering i.e. medical engineering of genetic disorder.
48
Euthenics
Study of improvement of human race by improving environment. It applied after birth and is related with present generation.
49
Evolution
The branch of science which deals with the study of origin of new from old i.e. origin, variation, inter-relationship between organisms of past and present days.
50
Exobiology
Space biology is also known as exobiology
51
Floriculture
Study of flower yielding plants
52
Genetics
Study of heredity and variations
53
Gerontology
Study of growing old
54
Gynaecology
Study of female reproductive organs
55
Haematology
Study of blood
56
Helminthology
Study of helminthes
57
Hepatology
Study of liver
58
Herpetology
Study of lizards and other reptiles
59
Hypnology
Study which deals with sleep
60
Histochemistry
Study of chemical nature of tissues
61
Horticulture
Study of flowering and fruits plants
62
Ichnology
Study of fossil footprints
63
Immunology
Study of resistance of organisms against infection
64
Kalology
Study of sensory or sensari-em
65
Karyology
Study of nucleus
66
Lepidopterology
Study of moths and butterflies
67
Lichenology
Study of lichens
68
Limnology
Study of fresh water lakes, ponds and streams in relation with plants and animals
69
Malacology
Study of mollusks
70
Mammology
Study of mammals
71
Mastology
Study of breasts
72
Melanology
Study of pigments
73
Molecular Biology
Study of life sciences on molecular level (i.e. RNA and DNA level)
74
Mycology
Study of fungi
75
Myrmecology
Study of ants
76
Neonatology
Study of the new-born up to 1 month of age
77
Nephrology
Study of kidney
78
Neurology
Study of nervous system
79
Nidology
Study of nests of birds
80
Nisology
Study of diseases
81
Odontology
Study of teeth and gums
82
Olericulture
Study of vegetable yielding plants
83
Oncology
Study of cancer
84
Oneirology
Study of dreams
85
Ontogeny
Study of embryonic history
86
Oology
Study of egg of birds
87
Ophthalmology
Study of eyes
88
Organocology
Study of development of organs under embryology
89
Organology
Study of organs
90
Ornithology
Study of birds
91
Osteology
Study of bones
92
Otorhinolaryngology
Study of ear, nose and throat
93
Paedology
Study of larval stages
94
Palaezoology
Study of fossils and their distribution in time.
95
Palaeozoology
Study of fossils of animals
96
Palynology
Study of pollen grains in relation to taxonomy and evolution
97
Parasitology
Study of parasites
98
Pathology
Study of various diseases in human beings
99
Parazoology
Study of poifera (sponges)
100
Pedology
Study of soils
101
Pharmacognosy
Branch of science dealing with the medicinal plants
102
Pharmacology
Study of synthesis and effect of medicines on organisms
103
Phenology
Study of organisms as affected by seasonal climates e.g. of bird migration, opening of flowers etc.
104
Phrenology
Study of mental faculties of brain including feelings
105
Phycology (algology)
Study of algae
106
Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary history
107
Physiology
Study of functions of various parts within the organisms
108
Pisciculture
Study of rearing of fishes
109
Platyhelminthology
Study of flat worms
110
Pomology
Study of fruits
111
Poultry
Study which deals with keepings of foul
112
Proctology
Study of hind gut including rectum and anus
113
Protistology
Study of protests. Its field of study overlaps with more traditional disciplines of algology, mycology and protozoology
114
Pteridology
Study of pteridophytes
115
Rainology
Study of nose and olfactory organs
116
Saurology
Study of lizards
117
Sericulture
Silk industry concerned with culture of silk moth and pupa
118
Serology
Study of serum; interaction of antigens and antibodies in the blood
119
Sepentology (Ophiology)
Study of snakes
120
Silviculture
Study of development of forests
121
Sitology
Study of dietetics
122
Speciology
Study of species
123
Spermology
Study of seeds
124
Splanchnology
Study of visceral organs
125
Stomatology
Study of forget including buccal cavity and stomach
126
Synecology
Study of bony joints and ligaments
127
Taxi dermatology
Study of skin and stuffing
128
Taxonomy
The breach of science which deals with the study of classification of organisms
129
Teratology
Study of foetal malformations
130
Torpedology
Study of skates and rays
131
Toxicology
Study of narcotics and the influence of narcotics on various organisms
132
Traumatology
Study of wounds and turnover
133
Trichology
Study of hair
134
Trophology
Study of nutrition
135
Urobiology
Study which deals with preservation of deals bodies in liquids by chemicals
136
Urology
Study of wine including diseases and the abnormalities of uninary and urino-genital tract
137
Virology
Study of virus
138
Zoogeography
The branch of science which deals with the study of distribution of animals on earth.
139
Biophysics
Study of physical aspects of living organisms
140
Cytogenetics
Study of cytological basis of inheritance
141
Ctetology
Study of acquired characteristics of organisms
142
Ichthyology
Study of fish and it’s culture
143
Kinesiology
Study of muscle movements
144
Phytogeogr144
Phytogeography
Study of plants distribution on earth
145
Palaeobotany
Study of distribution and characteristics of fossils
146
Psychobiology
Study of behavioural aspects of animals
147
Sarcology
Study of muscles
148
Syndesmology
Study of bone joints and ligaments
149
Tectology
Study of structural organization of body
150
Zoophytology
Study of drifting micro-organisms such as diatoms.
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